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6.20 Self-supervised and contrastive learning

You can pretrain on unlabelled data you already have.

Before:05. Classical Machine LearningUnlocks:07. Natural Language Processing11. The ECE Bridge — Signals, Edge & Embedded AI

Self-supervised learning manufactures labels from data itself — masked tokens, contrastive pairs — and is how modern pretraining escaped the labelling bottleneck; CLIP's joint image-text space is what makes zero-shot classification possible at all. It sits late in the module because it presumes the architectures. The failure mode with a name is collapse: without the right asymmetries a contrastive setup maps everything to one point, achieving perfect agreement about nothing.

Work through these

  • Pretext tasks and masked modelling

    Inventing a task from the data itself, such as predicting hidden parts, so no labels are needed. This is what unlocked training on data nobody could afford to annotate.

  • SimCLR, MoCo, BYOL

    Three influential approaches to learning by comparing views of the same and different examples. Their differences are instructive about what the objective actually needs.

  • CLIP and joint image–text embedding

    Training images and their captions into a shared representation, which enables classification into categories never explicitly trained on. It is the bridge between vision and language.

  • Evaluating representations: linear probes

    Judging a learned representation by training a simple classifier on top of it, which isolates the representation from the classifier. It is the standard protocol and worth knowing before reading results.

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Links last checked 29 Aug 2026.

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