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3.6 Exploratory data analysis as a discipline

You can walk into a new dataset and produce a one-page summary.

Before:01. Mathematics for Machine Learning02. Python — Basics to AdvancedUnlocks:05. Classical Machine Learning

Exploratory data analysis is a repeatable checklist, not a vibe: univariate, bivariate and segment-level passes that surface problems before production surfaces them for you. It is also where most genuine insight comes from. It sits after cleaning because exploration of dirty data explores the dirt. The standard it sets is findings, not plots — an EDA that ends without written findings, each attached to evidence, was scrolling with extra steps.

Work through these

  • A repeatable EDA checklist

    A written checklist you follow on every new dataset, so nothing is skipped because it felt fine. Repeatability is what turns exploration from wandering into a method.

  • Univariate, bivariate, multivariate passes

    Looking at one variable, then pairs, then several at once, in that order. Going straight to the complicated view is how obvious problems get missed.

  • Segment analysis and cohort views

    Splitting the data by a meaningful group, or by when each record entered, frequently reveals patterns that the whole-dataset view hides. Simpson's paradox lives here.

  • Writing findings, not just plots

    The output of exploration is a written statement of what you found, not a folder of charts. A chart without a sentence leaves the reader to do the analysis themselves.

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