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10.9 Data pipelines and feature stores

Training and serving features cannot silently disagree.

Before:05. Classical Machine Learning

Pipelines and feature stores exist to kill training-serving skew — the disease where features computed one way in training are computed differently live, degrading the model invisibly. Orchestrators make multi-step data flows reliable, and quality checks act as gates. It sits in the advanced production run. The root cause is duplication: feature logic written twice will disagree eventually, and the feature store is the architectural answer to writing it once.

Work through these

  • Orchestration: Airflow, Prefect, Dagster

    Tools that run pipelines on a schedule with dependencies between steps, of which three are widely used. The choice matters less than having one rather than a collection of scheduled scripts.

  • Batch and streaming ingestion

    Data arriving in scheduled batches or as a continuous flow, with different tooling for each. Many systems need both, for different features.

  • Training/serving skew and the feature store answer

    Features computed one way for training and another way for serving will disagree, and the model will quietly degrade. A feature store exists to compute them once and serve both.

  • Data quality checks as pipeline gates

    Checks that stop a pipeline when the data looks wrong, rather than letting bad data reach a model. Failing loudly at ingestion is far cheaper than debugging predictions later.

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Links last checked 29 Aug 2026.

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