OE1-3.5 Capacity Building for Disaster & Damage Mitigation
You can distinguish structural from non-structural measures for capacity building against disaster and damage, apply national disaster management guidelines and DRR strategies, and state what the Disaster Management Act 2005 establishes.
Structural measures are the things you build — embankments, retrofitted schools; non-structural are the rules, plans and training, and the second category is cheaper and consistently neglected. The 2005 Act is the legal spine of everything in Unit 4: it created NDMA and the state authorities and shifted India's official posture from relief-centred to prevention-centred. Whether practice has followed that shift is a fair question to hold while reading it.
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Structural measures for capacity building
Physical works that reduce damage: embankments, retrofitting, shelters. They are visible, expensive and the ones politicians fund.
Non-structural measures for capacity building
Everything else: rules, training, insurance, land use. Cheaper, more effective per rupee, and much harder to sustain.
Disaster risk reduction strategies
The strategies that combine the two above into a plan. It is where the subject becomes a policy question rather than a technical one.
National disaster management guidelines
The published national guidance, which is what an engineer would actually work to. Knowing it exists and where to find it is most of the value.
The Disaster Management Act 2005 and what it establishes
The legislation and the structure it created. It is the legal basis for everything in the institutional topic above.
Regional issues by requirement
Adapting all of the above to what a particular region actually faces. It closes the subject where it started, with the vulnerability profile.
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